Twenty-eight participants (42.9%) had moreover received services for alcohol, drug, or emotional problems during this incarceration. Twenty (40.8%) were taking a prescription medication for a health problem. Participants initiated smoking between ages 8 and 32 years (mean 15.5) and had smoked 2�C40 years (mean 14.5) (Table 1). Most (85.7%) had previously attempted to quit smoking at least one to five times, but significant variability in previous ��quit�� attempts was observed. The length of smoking ��quit�� for each participant reporting a ��quit�� ranged from 0 to 252 months (mean 40.5). Fourteen (28.6%) accepted the toll-free number for the Wisconsin Tobacco QuitLine. FTND mean score for smoking behavior in the month prior to this incarceration was 4.31. Ten participants (20%) reported smoking since the ban.

Asked whether they intended to smoke upon release, 11 (22%) answered ��yes,�� 33 (67%) answered ��no,�� and 5 (11%) were unsure (Table 2). Thirty-three (67.3%) considered their health status to be improved since the smoking ban. DAST-10 scores for drug use in the month prior to this incarceration ranged from 0 to 10 (mean = 4.57) and AUDIT-C from 0 to 12 (mean = 6.52). Current emotional state was assessed using SPS-SAS social support scale (range = 8�C16, mean = 12.9); PANAS, consisting of a positive affect scale (range = 22�C48, mean = 37) and a negative affect scale (range = 10�C36, mean = 24.5); PHQ-8 depression scale (range = 0�C10, mean = 6.22); and PSS (range = 8�C23, mean = 18.3). Table 1. Prerelease participant characteristics Table 2.

Pre- and postrelease attitudes and behaviors among participants Postrelease Forty-four participants (89.8%) completed 1-month postrelease surveys by telephone. Of the five who did not complete surveys, two were lost to follow-up and three were reincarcerated within the first month. Surveys were completed 14�C70 days after release (mean 29 days). Two who completed surveys had spent 1 or more days in jail since their original release. Most were living in someone else’s home or apartment (56.8%); others (27.3%) were in temporary living placements, their own homes, or apartments (13.6%); and one participant was in an inpatient drug treatment facility. More than half were not working but were looking for employment (51%), five were not working and not seeking work, eight were working part-time, and nine were working full time.

Few (13.6%) received other income outside work, such as Social Security Disability Insurance or child support. Twenty-eight (63.6%) participants considered their health status improved since release, 10 (22.7%) rated it unchanged, and 6 (13.6%) reported it to be GSK-3 worse. Sixteen (36.4%) had received services for alcohol, drug, or emotional health problems in the community. Twelve (27.3%) were taking a prescription medication for a health problem.