To minimize confounding variables with different electrode materials and inter-electrode spacing, an identical model lead was used in all patients. Similarly, PMs with identical behaviour and telemetric capabilities were used to assure accuracy in comparing measurements

#RAD001 supplier randurls[1|1|,|CHEM1|]# among patients. To minimize atrial lead oversensing, the sensitivity configuration was bipolar. All devices were programmed in DDDR mode with a lower rate of 60 bpm and an upper rate of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 130 bpm. Mode switches were programmed for atrial rates > 200 bpm, persisting for more than 12 ventricular beats. Managed Ventricular Pacing algorithm (MVP, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) was enable in order to promote the intrinsic conduction and reduce the possible influence of high percentage ventricular pacing on Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical atrial fibrillation incidence. Atrial Preference Pacing (APP, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) was enable according to the prospective programming compliance criteria. The devices used Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in this study were programmed to detect the episodes of atrial tachycardia, and to record summary and detailed

data, atrial and ventricular electrograms (EGMs) included. Study endpoints and data analysis The primary efficacy endpoint was identified as the effect of pacing therapies on AT/AF burden over time. Permanent AT/AF was defined as an AT/AF burden of 24 h/day for at least 6 months. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s ttest for paired data. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD. P values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Analyses were performed using Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the statistical package SPSS 11.0 software for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results Patients population The study group Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical included sixty DM1 patients (mean age 53,2 ± 8,5; 43 M;17 F) who underwent dual chamber pacemaker implantation for the following indications:

1. first degree atrioventricular block with a pathological infra- Hissian conduction (25 patients); Suplatast tosilate symptomatic type 1 (19 patients) and type 2 (16 patients) second degree block. The study population was randomized and treated according to the study protocol. The mean period of FU was 24 ± 6 months. Six DM1 patients were censored at 11 ± 2 months before the study completion due to far-field ventricular sensing despite refractory periods reprogramming (2 cases), atrial undersensing (2 cases) or persistent AF during follow-up (2 cases). Table 1 shows that the baseline characteristics of the 2 groups of study population were not significantly different. Out of 4 DM1 patients who needed a major change in therapy, 3 were in the DDD/R mode group, and 1 in the APP ON mode group.