Recruitment of K-Rta to the ORF57 and K-bZIP promoters, but not the K12 promoter, was significantly impaired selleck inhibitor when NF-kappa B expression was induced. Many K-Rta-responsive promoters modulated by NF-kappa B contain the sequence of the RBP-J kappa binding site, a major coactivator which anchors K-Rta to target promoters via consensus

motifs which overlap with that of NF-kappa B. Gel shift assays demonstrated that NF-kappa B inhibits the binding of RBP-J kappa and forms a complex with RBP-J kappa. Our results support a model in which a balance between K-Rta/RBP-J kappa and NF-kappa B activities determines KSHV reactivation. An important feature of this model is that the interplay between RBP-J kappa and NF-kappa B on viral promoters controls viral gene expression mediated by K-Rta.”
“Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a tissue globin specifically expressed in neurons. Our laboratory and others have shown that Ngb overexpression protects neurons against hypoxia/ischemia, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent studies demonstrate that hypoxia/ischemia induces GW-572016 datasheet a multitude of spatially and temporally regulated responses in gene expression, and initial evidence suggested that Ngb might function in altering biological

processes of gene expression. In this study, we asked how Ngb may help regulate genes responsive to hypoxia. Expression of hypoxic response genes following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was examined using mRNA arrays oxyclozanide in neuroglobin-overexpressing transgenic (Ngb-Tg) and wild type (WT) mouse neurons. From a total of 113 genes on the microarray,

mRNA expression of 65 genes was detected. Under rest condition, 14 genes were downregulated in Ngb-Tg neurons compared to WT. In WT neurons, after 4-h OGD followed by 4-h reoxygenation (O4/R4), 20 genes were significantly downregulated, and only Fos mRNA was significantly increased. However, out of the 20 downregulated genes in WT neurons, 12 of them were no longer significantly changed in Ngb-Tg neurons: Add1, Amt2, Camk2g, Cstb, Dr1, Epas1, Gna11, Hif1a, II6st, Khsrp, Mars and Rara. Among these 12 genes, 8 (Add1, Camk2g, Cstb, Dr1, Epas1, Gna11, Hif1a, Khsrp) were already reduced in Ngb-Tg neurons compared to WT under rest conditions. Additionally, three genes that initially showed no changes in WT neurons (Ctgf, Egfr and Peal 5) were downregulated after OGD in the Ngb-Tg neurons. These findings suggest that Ngb overexpression modulates mRNA expression of multiple hypoxic response genes in the early phase after OGD/reoxygenation. Further studies on these gene networks and interactions may lead to better understanding of Ngb in signaling pathways that contribute to neuroprotection. (C) 2009 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.