In

this renal cell carcinoma population sorafenib followed by sunitinib was associated with longer survival than sunitinib followed by sorafenib. However, this observation needs further confirmation.”
“Structural brain abnormalities have been observed in adolescents with alcohol use disorders but less is known about neuropathological brain characteristics of teens with sub-diagnostic binge drinking or the common pattern of binge drinking combined with marijuana use. The goal of this study was to examine white matter integrity in adolescents with histories of binge drinking selleck compound and marijuana use.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was conducted with 42 adolescents (ages 16-19) classified as controls, binge drinkers, or binge drinkers who are also heavy marijuana users. Tract based spatial analysis identified shared fiber structure across individuals and facilitated voxelwise comparisons of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) between groups.

Significant between group differences were found in FA in eight white matter regions (ps <=.016) between the binge drink-only group and controls, including superior selleck chemicals corona radiata, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital

fasciculus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Interestingly, in 4 of these same regions, binge drinkers who are also heavy marijuana users had higher FA than binge drinkers who did not use marijuana (ps<.05). MD did not differ between groups.

Findings are largely consistent with research suggesting less neuropathology

in adolescents without histories of substance use. However, binge drinkers who also use marijuana did not show as consistent Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone) a divergence from non-Users as did the binge drink-only group. Detection of white matter alterations may have implications in identifying early cognitive dysfunction in substance using adolescents. Published by Elsevier Inc.”
“Purpose: Comorbid disease in patients with renal cancer may affect renal cancer prognosis. We estimated the risk of 1 and 5-year mortality in patients with renal cancer in northern Denmark by comorbidity status.

Materials and Methods: We performed a cohort study tracking mortality in all patients with an incident diagnosis of renal cancer between 1995 and 2006 in a population of 1.6 million residents in northern Denmark. Using hospital discharge data before cancer diagnosis we calculated Charlson comorbidity index scores (0, 1-2 or 3+) in patients with renal cancer as well as absolute survival and relative mortality estimates according to comorbidity level.

Results: We identified 2,315 patients with renal cancer, of whom 950 (41%) had comorbidity. The prevalence of comorbidity tended to increase during the study period with the rate in patients with a score of 3+ increasing from 9% to 13%.