8 eV), indicating Zn-N bond formation. Two N 1s states were found: one is N-1 formed by Zn-N bonds and another is (N-2) produced by substitution of N molecules at N ion sites, which leads to larger lattice constants, consistent with x-ray diffraction results. Temperature-dependent Hall effect

measurements of our Zn3N2 films exhibited distinct conduction mechanisms at specific different temperature ranges. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3493208]“
“We herein review and comment rationale, outcomes, and current recommendations for live donor (LD) pancreas transplantation (PTx). Segmental (spleen-preserving) selleck products pancreas donation is associated with a relatively small risk of complications. The risk of death, presumably not lower than that of LD nephrectomy, cannot be estimated yet because of the lack of reported donor fatalities. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, in non-obese donors, is expected not to exceed 3%. The risk of type 1 diabetes does not

seem to increase. Segmental LD PTx, when compared to cadaver PTx, continues to carry a slightly higher risk of technical failure, but the rate of immunologic failure is consistently lower. Overall, LD PTx should be considered in all patients with a live kidney donor (owing to the shortage of cadaver kidneys, the superlative outcome of LD kidney transplantation, and the immunologic advantages of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation from the same donor). The immunologic advantages of LD PTx are emphasized in highly sensitized ALK inhibitor recipients of solitary PTx who, with cadaver donation, wait the longest time and face the poorest outcome. Furthermore, LD allows recipient pre-conditioning

and/or pair donor exchange. In conclusion, LD PTx may offer significant advantages to well-selected diabetic recipients. LDs are exposed to relatively small risks.”
“Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the use and optimal timing of ultrasonographic (US) screening for posterior shoulder subluxation in infants with brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI).

Materials and Methods: Approval of the ethics committee and informed consent of guardians was obtained. This population-based prospective study included neonates with BPBI who were born in Helsinki from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2006, and in whom BPBI was verified with sequential clinical examinations. US was performed at 1, INCB018424 3, 6, and 12 months. Size (width and height) of the humeral head and its ossification center and congruency of the shoulder (alpha angle) were measured. Frequency of BPBI and permanent changes were evaluated. This study also included patients who were referred from the tertiary catchment area. For statistical analysis, 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and analysis of variance was performed.

Results: BPBI was seen in 132 of 41 980 neonates (3.1 per 1000). In 27 cases (0.64 per 1000), BPBI did not heal during the 1st year of life and was considered permanent.