With further validation conducted by array real-time PCR cards that contained the characteristic transcript panel. The identified set of 11 transcripts can be used for separation of CRC, adenoma and KPT-330 cost normal biopsy samples, moreover it is suitable for discrimination between high-grade dysplastic adenoma and early stage CRC cases by high specificity and sensitivity. The use of whole genomic microarray analyses represents an important tool for high-throughput gene expression screening, but equipment and reagent costs do not qualify it as for a cost effective diagnostic tool. Therefore quantitative array real-time PCR cards with assays for selected set of classifiers offer a more viable alternative for diagnostic application with lower costs and automation possibility for the whole process from RNA isolation to the RT-PCR analysis [22].

The current method of determining colorectal cancers and adenomas is histological analysis. Colon biopsy specimens are evaluated from 4�C5 pieces of small sections of 3�C5 ��m thick taken from different areas of the colon. However critical areas may remain hidden in the uncut specimen block or due to inadequate orientation including aberrant crypt foci in hyperplastic polyps, in situ carcinoma in adenomas, dysplastic areas and carcinomas in long-time IBD specimens [23]�C[24]. In this study, whole biopsy specimens containing mixed cell populations were applied for mRNA expression microarray and real-time PCR analysis in order to overcome the potential sampling errors of conventional histological analysis.

Though histological laser microdissection can provide accurate cell type specific information, its major limitation is the need of a very skilled operator, which does not support it to be a candidate diagnostic tool [25]. Further to this, pathologists recently have to face growing workload due to the increasing demand on cancer screening biopsies, molecular testing for target therapy and the concomitant sub-specialization. Therefore, an alternative but still reliable method for identifying diseased or negative specimens could be of great importance. The automated evaluation of colon biopsy specimens by mRNA expression Brefeldin_A profiling could be a valid approach since much of the methodology, preparation and the analysis procedure are already available. Furthermore, the mRNA expression analysis gives us an insight into altered cellular functions beyond the microscopic level. This information might be related to the biological behaviour of tumors and/or the expression of therapeutic targets, e.g. growth factor receptors. Also the expression of metastasis related genes and those involved in tumor invasiveness may be identified.