Three microcycles (3 weeks) with progressive training loads were

Three microcycles (3 weeks) with progressive training loads were then applied, followed by a fourth short recovery microcycle (3 days). After the recovery microcycle, the last series of testing was peeformed. The testing procedure in the sellckchem second series was the same as in the first one. Testing Protocol This research project had two series (S1, S2) of testing in the laboratory, between 4 and 2 days pre- (S1) and 3 days post training (S2). Both series of testing (S1, S2) included one day of investigations in normoxia. Additionally, 2 days before the training program was initiated (during S1), all athletes in the H group performed the same test in hypoxia conditions to establish individual training loads for IHT sessions.

On the first day of each series of testing (S1,S2), before breakfast after an overnight fast, resting blood samples were drawn from the antecubical vein to determine hematological variables (hemoglobin concentration (HGB), haematocrit value (HCT), number of erythrocytes (RBC) (Advida 2120, Siemens, Germany). Body mass and body composition were then evaluated by electrical impedance (Inbody 720, Biospace Co., Japan). Two hours after a light breakfast (Carbohydrates �C 50%, Protein ?20%, Fats �C 30%), a ramp treadmill test was administered to determine aerobic capacity. The test was performed on a Pulsar treadmill (HP-Cosmos, Germany), beginning at 6 km/h and 0 inclination. Treadmill speed was increased linearly by 1 km/h per 1min (0.016 km/h per 1s) until volitional exhaustion.

During the test, heart rate, minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2) and expired carbon dioxide (CO2) were continuously measured using a MetaMax 3B telemetry spiroergometer (Cortex, Germany) in the breath-by-breath mode. VO2max was determined based on decreased or a plateau in VO2 at rising speed ( VO2 �� 150 mL/min at VO2peak). Fingertip capillary blood samples for the assessment of lactate (LA) concentration (Biosen C-line Clinic, EKF-diagnostic GmbH, Germany) were drawn at rest and at the end of each test, as well as during the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th min of recovery. Also, capillary rest and post-exercise blood samples were used to determine acid-base equilibrium and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (RapidLab 248, Bayer Diagnostics, Germany). After 48h of rest, athletes in the H group performed the same ramp test protocol in normobaric hypoxia conditions (LOS-HYP_1/3NU; LOWOXYGEN? SYSTEMS, Germany) equivalent to 2500 m altitude (FIO2=15.

2%) to establish individual training loads for IHT sessions. The atmospheric conditions in regard to temperature (18,9��C �C S1; 19,2��C – S2) and humidity (51% – S1; 52% – S2) were held constant in both series of testing to increase the reliability of measurements. Carfilzomib Training program The training program applied during the experiment was the same for both groups, but with different environmental conditions during the selected morning interval training sessions.

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