This accounted for 172 of the pregnancies in 21 of the studies. Of these 172 pregnancies

that received DDAVP prophylaxis there were no significant bleeding complications in 167 deliveries. Adverse bleeding events were reported in five pregnancies – postpartum haemorrhage (four cases) and sub-cutaneous haematoma (one case). The underlying bleeding disorder for patients who developed bleeding complications despite prophylactic treatment with DDAVP were two cases of Hermansky–Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) and a single case each of storage pool disorder, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) and VWD [5,7,21–23]. DDAVP was used as a treatment for established bleeding complications in six cases of postpartum haemorrhage and two cases of postpartum soft tissue haemorrhage [9,16,17,25–28]. Clinical

Pexidartinib mw improvement was seen in five of six cases of postpartum haemorrhage and in both cases of soft tissue haemorrhage that received DDAVP as part of their treatment. Other therapies were used in conjunction with DDAVP in 11 studies for both prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding complications associated with delivery. These additional therapies included oxytocin, cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma, tranexamic acid, platelet transfusion and red cell transfusion. Two pregnancies that developed the most severe postpartum haemorrhage required internal pudendal artery embolization in one case and hysterectomy in the second case were in patients with acquired factor VIII inhibitor and storage pool disorder respectively [5,28]. Serious adverse GSK1120212 in vivo maternal events were reported in one case study after use of DDAVP in the perinatal period. One patient with severe type 1 von Willebrand‘s disease was reported to have a seizure after receiving DDAVP infusions at a dose of 0.3 μg kg−1 every 18 h during the postpartum period. The indication was to prevent bleeding complications following an emergency

Caesarean section. The patient developed a grand mal seizure secondary to severe hyponatraemia. A second patient with von Willebrand’s disease developed premature labour after a trial infusion of DDAVP at a dose of 0.4 μg kg−1 intended to establish response to DDAVP during the last month of pregnancy. Both complications were thought by the author of this article Vildagliptin to be due to water intoxication as a result of treatment with DDAVP [10]. One further study recorded a mild increase in uterine contractility with relatively high dose of 20 μg DDAVP intravenously and was observed 30 min after discontinuation of an oxytocin infusion. There was no adverse effect on the pregnancy or delivery in this case [32]. In total there were 109 vaginal deliveries recorded and 62 Caesarean sections. The mode of delivery was not recorded in 31 of the pregnancies. Foetal outcomes were recorded in 10 studies and all recorded no adverse effects for the foetus after delivery [3,7,8,11,15,21,22,29–31].