The complete nucleotide sequences of the begomovirus (JX270684, 2745 nucleotides), obtained by rolling circle amplification, showed the highest sequence identity (98.1%) with the weed-infecting

begomovirus, Croton yellow vein mosaic virus. Analysis of recombination indicated the probable occurrence of many overlapping inter- and intraspecific recombination events. The sequence of betasatellite (JX270685, 1355 nucleotides) showed the highest sequence Crizotinib identity (95.7%) with Croton yellow vein mosaic betasatellite. Begomoviruses were not previously known to naturally infect rapeseed-mustard. This is the first report of the emergence of a weed-infecting begomovirus–betasatellite complex in rapeseed-mustard germplasm in India and raises the concern on utilization of such susceptible germplasm in crop improvement programmes. “
“The technique consisting

of the co-operational PCR coupled with dot blot hybridization and posterior colorimetric visualization was developed for the detection of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, one of the major pathogenic fungi involved in the Petri disease of grapevine. A partial region of the fungal rDNA including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified through co-operational PCR for P. chlamydospora and 17 additional grapevine-associated fungi included in the genera Botryosphaeria, Cryptovalsa, Cylindrocarpon, Dematophora, Diplodia, Dothiorella, Eutypa, Fomitiporia, Lasiodiplodia, Neofusicoccum, Phaeoacremonium, Phomopsis and Stereum, G protein-coupled receptor kinase by using the primer pairs NSA3/NLC2 this website (external pair) and NSI1/NLB4 (inner pair). A specific

probe (Pch2D) targeting the ITS2 region in the rDNA was developed for the detection of P. chlamydospora. Dot blot hybridizations carried out with the PCR products showed the specificity of the probe. Results indicated that Pch2D only hybridized with DNA amplicons of P. chlamydospora isolates, thus proving the specific detection of this fungus, while the 17 remaining species tested for the Pch2D probe resulted in negative results. Sensitivity of the technique was established below 0.1 pg of genomic DNA. This technique was further validated using artificially inoculated grapevine cuttings with P. chlamydospora. The efficacy of detection was established at 80% after two independent blind assays. “
“Based on the observation that Acidovorax citrulli switches from saprobic to pathogenic growth for seed-to-seedling transmission of bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits (BFB), we hypothesized that quorum sensing (QS) was involved in the regulation of this process. Using aacI (luxI homologue) and aacR (luxR homologue) mutants of AAC00-1, we investigated the role of QS in watermelon seed colonization and seed-to-seedling transmission of BFB.