Statins might improve microvascular dysfunction in sepsis. The present study explores liver vascular abnormalities and

the effects of statins in a rat model of endotoxemia. For this purpose, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline was given to: (1) FK506 manufacturer rats treated with placebo; (2) rats treated with simvastatin (25 mg/kg, orally), given at 3 and 23 hours after LPS/saline challenge; (3) rats treated with simvastatin (25 mg/kg/24 h, orally) from 3 days before LPS/saline injection. Livers were isolated and perfused and sinusoidal endothelial function was explored by testing the vasodilation of the liver circulation to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine. The phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (PeNOS) / endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) ratio was measured as a marker of eNOS activation. LPS administration induced an increase in baseline portal perfusion pressure and a decrease in vasodilation to acetylcholine (sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction). This was associated with reduced eNOS phosphorylation and liver inflammation. Simvastatin after LPS challenge did not prevent the increase in baseline portal perfusion pressure, but attenuated the development of sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction. Treatment with

simvastatin from 3 days Panobinostat mouse before LPS prevented the increase in baseline perfusion pressure and totally normalized the vasodilating response of the liver vasculature to acetylcholine and reduced liver inflammation. Both protocols of treatment restored a physiologic PeNOS/eNOS ratio. Conclusion: LPS administration induces intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction that might be prevented by simvastatin, suggesting that statins might have Olopatadine potential for liver protection during endotoxemia. (HEPATOLOGY 2013) In Western countries up to 30% of in-hospital

mortalities are due to sepsis.1 This poor outcome is mainly related to the development of multiorgan failure (MOF) that occurs after the onset of an impairment of organ perfusion, severe sepsis, and septic shock.2 Endothelial dysfunction is a major factor determining this evolution. Previous reports have shown that conductance vessels challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a gram-negative bacteria-derived product, have an impaired response to increasing doses of acetylcholine (endothelial dysfunction).3 In addition, endothelial dysfunction occurs also at the microcirculation, together with inflammation and coagulation disturbances,4 leading to impaired peripheral organ perfusion and oxidative stress, which determines tissue injury that may lead to organ failure.5, 6 The liver is a target organ in sepsis7 and up to 50% of patients with sepsis experience liver involvement.8, 9 Experimental observations have demonstrated that LPS induces an imbalance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator molecules at the level of hepatic microcirculation.