“
“Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology and with variable presentation. Skin, lymph nodes, lungs, eyes and the central nervous

system are mostly involved. Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a rare condition with clinical manifestations in about 5% of patients. Since it increases the risk of acute cardiac failure, ventricular arrhythmia, conduction disturbances and even sudden death, it aggravates markedly the prognosis. The early diagnosis of CS is difficult, requiring the use of diagnostic tools such as electrocardiographic monitoring, two-dimensional echocardiography, radionuclide scan, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and endomyocardial

biopsy. Once the diagnosis of CS Selleckchem OICR-9429 is established, there is a need for early corticosteroids treatment, with or without immunosuppressive therapy, to prevent deterioration SBI-0206965 datasheet of cardiac function. In patients with refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmia, markedly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and high risk of sudden death, prophylactic insertion of a pacemaker or implantable defibrillator is recommended. We had the opportunity to treat a patient with CS and to review the currently accepted diagnostic and treatment approach.”
“The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most common human viruses, infecting more than 90% of the world’s adult population. In some individuals the interplay between EBV replication, latency and immune control

can be disrupted and evokes prolonged proliferation of EBV-infected lymphocytes and their malignant transformation. Since its discovery as the first human tumor virus, EBV has been implicated in the development of a wide range of VX 770 human cancers. The evidence for an association with EBV is the strongest for Burkitt’s lymphoma, NK/T cell lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and for malignant lymphomas in immune incompetent patients. Additionally, certain epithelial cell tumors, such as gastric carcinoma and breast carcinoma, have been defined as EBV related. However, the virus may be encountered in other types of malignancies. The oncogenic potential of EBV is related to its ability to infect and transform B lymphocytes into continuously growing lymphoblastoid cell lines. EBV encodes a series of products mimicking several growth, transcription and anti-apoptotic factors, to usurp control of the pathways that regulate diverse homeostatic cellular functions. However, the exact mechanism by which EBV promotes oncogenesis remains unclear. The focus of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of oncogenic potential of the Epstein-Barr virus and its role in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders.