Results were analysed dividing the patients into two main groups according to their body mass index (BMI): group 1, control: BMI 18-24.9 and group 2 BMI, test > 25. Subgroups were built: (0) BMI 25-29.9, (I) BMI 30-34.9,
(II) BMI 35-39.9, (III) BMI > 40. Exclusion criteria were defined as: delivery < 37 + 0 weeks p.m., multiple pregnancy, comorbidity other than GDM, abnormal presentation, BMI < 18.5, and incomplete data. The main outcome parameter was defined as secondary caesarean delivery rate and mode of delivery.
N = 8,379 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided in two groups: 1, n = 4,464 patients and 2, n = 3,915. Basic maternal characteristics including foetal vital parameters were equal in all groups. GDM occurred more frequently in obese patients (P < 0.001). For the main outcome parameter a significant decrease in the rate of spontaneous delivery between control/test Bak protein groups (72-66%, P < 0.001) and control/I-III groups (72 vs. 50%, P < 0.001) could be observed. The rate of secondary c-section increased significantly according to a higher BMI (> 40: OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.84-3.61, chi (2) P < 0.001). The groups showed no difference in the rate of injuries during delivery though foetal birth weight increased significantly with a higher BMI (3,412-3,681 g; P < 0.001).
Obesity decreases the chance to deliver spontaneously. selleck chemicals Moreover,
the obese patient suffers from a significantly longer trial of labour (7.9 vs. 9.5 h) and an elevated risk of surgical delivery.”
“Ten nanofiltration flat-sheet membranes and eight tight ultrafiltration membranes with nominal MWCOs ranging from 0.2 to 150 kDa were tested to concentrate anthocyanin extract from roselle.
A pilot system was used, which featured a membrane cell with an effective area of 0.0155 m(2). Permeate fluxes were recorded for transmembrane pressures Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor between 0.5 and 3.0 MPa, while keeping all other operating conditions constant (volumetric reduction ratio 1, 35 degrees C). Retention values of total soluble solids, acidity and anthocyanins increased with transmembrane pressure. With similar permeate fluxes at average transmembrane pressure, retention of anthocyanins is significantly higher for nanofiltration membranes than for ultrafiltration membranes. A membrane was then selected for an industrial trial on the basis of its flux, retention of compounds of interest and energy consumption per liter of permeate. The trial using a 2.5-m(2) filtration surface, could concentrate roselle extract from 4 to 25 g total soluble solids per 100 g, with 100% retention of anthocyanins. No significant damages were observed when comparing concentrate quality with the initial roselle extract. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The primary objective of this study was to compare outcomes of absorbable and permanent suture for apical support with high uterosacral ligament vaginal vault suspension (HUSLS).