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“Rates of vertebral fracture (VF) in young women with anorexia nervosa (AN) are not well understood. We sought to determine the rates of asymptomatic selleck kinase inhibitor VF in patients suffering from AN, hypothesizing that VF rates would be higher in subjects with low bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores. We recruited young women with AN (n = 80) for participation in a longitudinal

trial. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images of the lateral thoracic and lumbar spines were obtained for VF assessment at 0, 6, 12, and 18 mo. Thirteen subjects (16%) had a low spinal BMD at baseline (BMD Z-score smaller than =-2 standard deviation). Using the Genant semiquantitative technique, 2 of 80 subjects at baseline (2.5%) had evidence of a single Genant grade 1 deformity. One subject had a Genant grade 2 deformity. Over the 18-mo trial, 10 incident VFs occurred in 9 subjects (12.5%). Using quantitative techniques,

only 2 subjects had a more than 15% loss in vertebral selleck chemical height. Neither anthropometric data nor markers of disease severity were associated with fracture. In conclusion, ill young women with AN were at low risk for asymptomatic VF in our cohort. VFs were not predicted by duration of illness, severity of malnutrition, or traditional measures of areal BMD at the lumbar spine.”
“Background: Transducin beta-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) is an important transcriptional cofactor involved in the regulation of many signaling pathways, and is associated with carcinogenesis and tumor progression. However, the precise role of TBL1XR1 in these processes is not well understood. Methods: We detected the expression of TBL1XR1 protein and mRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines and biopsies by western blotting, real-time PCR

and immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Overexpression of TBL1XR1 in NPC enhanced chemoresistance to cisplatin using two NPC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Results: TBL1XR1 was upregulated in NPC cell lines and clinical samples. The expression of TBL1XR1 was correlated with several clinicopathological factors including clinical stage, T classification, N classification and patient survival. Univariate and multivariate analysis buy LY333531 revealed that TBL1XR1 was an independent prognostic factor for patient survival. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that TBL1XR1 high expression induced resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in NPC cells. Furthermore, we found that TBL1XR1 activated the NF-kappa B pathway and promoted transcription of genes downstream of NF-kappa B, especially anti-apoptotic genes. Conclusions: Upregulation of TBL1XR1 induces NPC cells resistance to cisplatin by activating the NF-kappa B pathway, and correlates with poor overall survival of NPC patients. TBL1XR1 has a pivotal role in NPC and could be a valuable prognostic factor as well as a novel biomarker for tailoring appropriate therapeutic regimes.