p.), and submitted to thoracotomy followed by transcardiac perfusion with the aid of a peristaltic infusion pump. Initially, in order to wash the vessels and organs, the animals were perfused with 150 mL of a buffered saline selleck screening library solution (0.9% NaCl in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer [PB], pH 7.4). They were then fixed by infusing 300 mL of a solution containing glutaraldehyde (2%) and paraformaldehyde

(1%) in 0.1 mol/L PB, pH 7.4. After fixation, the set containing the regenerated nerve inside the tube, a nerve fragment 2 mm distal to the tube and the autograft were dissected out and immersed Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in the same fixative solution for 12 hours at 4°C. After this period, these elements were washed in 0.1 mol/L PB, pH 7.4 and dissected under a microscope such that the proximal and distal stumps were separated. The fragments were individually placed into vials containing 0.1 mol/L PB, pH 7.4, which were postfixed for a period of 2 hours in a 1% solution of osmium tetroxide diluted in 0.1 mol/L PB, pH 7.4. Following postfixation, the fragments were washed in distilled Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical water and dehydrated in an increasing series of acetone and then embedded in resin Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (Durcupan ACS, Fluka, Germany), positioned for transverse sectioning. The blocks were trimmed and semi-thin sections

(0.5 μm), from the regenerated nerves at the tube midpoint, were obtained and stained with 0.25% toluidine blue for light microscopy observation. In sequence, representative regions were selected and the blocks retrimmed in order to produce ultrathin sections (500Å; Ultracut, Leica, Wien, Germany) which were collected on copper grids (200 mesh, EMS, Philadelphia, PA). Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical After contrasting using uranyl acetate (EMS) and lead citrate (EMS), the specimens were observed under a Zeiss Leo 906 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) transmission electron Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical microscope

operating at 60 kV. Morphometry and count of the regenerated fibers For the morphometric analysis that was carried out at the tube or autograft midpoint, the following parameters were considered: number of regenerated myelinated axons, thickness of the myelin sheath (MT), and the “g” ratio (GR). The study of the response of the Schwann cells to the nerve repair was based on the values for MT and GR. For this purpose, four fields were sampled in each Montelukast Sodium regenerated nerve and used to measure the diameters of the fibers and axons. The MT was calculated from the difference between the diameter of the fibers and their respective axons divided by 2 (Mayhew and Sharma 1984). The GR consists of a numeric value that provides information about the myelination state in relation to the size of the axon (axon diameter/fiber diameter), which is considered normal when close to 0.7. The morphometric analysis was carried out using a computerized system running the software Image Tool 3.00 (UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX).