Objective: The objective was to compare GANT61 research buy in vivo dietary protein digestion and absorption kinetics and subsequent postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates at rest and after exercise between young and elderly men.
Design: Young and elderly men consumed a 20-g bolus of intrinsically L-[1-(13)C]phenylalanine-labeled protein at rest or after exercise. Continuous infusions with L-[ring-(2)H(5)]phenylalanine were applied, and blood and muscle samples were collected to assess in
vivo protein digestion and absorption kinetics and subsequent postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates.
Results: Exogenous phenylalanine appearance rates expressed over time did not differ between groups. No differences were observed in plasma phenylalanine availability between the young (51 +/- 2%) and elderly (51 +/- 1%) men or between the rest (52 +/- 1%) and exercise (49 +/- 1%) conditions. Muscle protein synthesis rates calculated from the oral tracer were 0.0620 +/- 0.0065%/h and 0.0560 VRT752271 +/- 0.0039%/h for the rest condition and 0.0719 +/- 0.0057%/h and 0.0727 +/- 0.0040%/h for the exercise condition in young and elderly men, respectively (age effect: P = 0.62; exercise effect: P < 0.05; interaction of age and exercise: P = 0.52).
Conclusions: Dietary protein digestion and absorption kinetics are not impaired after exercise or at an older age. Exercising before protein intake allows for a greater use of dietary protein-derived amino
acids for de novo muscle protein synthesis in both young and elderly men. GM6001 This trial was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00557388. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:322-31.”
“Nicotine sustains tobacco addiction, a major cause of disability and premature death. Nicotine binds to nicotinic cholinergic receptors, facilitating neurotransmitter release and thereby mediating the complex actions of nicotine in tobacco users. Dopamine, glutamate, and gamma aminobutyric acid release are particularly important in the development of nicotine dependence,
and corticotropin-releasing factor appears to contribute to nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine dependence is highly heritable. Genetic studies indicate roles for nicotinic receptor subtypes, as well as genes involved in neuroplasticity and learning, in development of dependence. Nicotine is primarily metabolized by CYP 2A6, and variability in rate of metabolism contributes to vulnerability to tobacco dependence, response to smoking cessation treatment, and lung cancer risk. Tobacco addiction is much more common in persons with mental illness and substance abuse disorders, representing a high proportion of current smokers. Pharmacotherapeutic approaches to tobacco addiction include nicotine replacement, bupropion, and varenicline, the latter a selective nicotine receptor partial agonist.”
“Background: Community engagement and participation has played a critical role in successful disease control and elimination campaigns in many countries.