Let selleck i designate the value of the outcome; this brings us to an interpretation for P(i)/ f selleckchem 17-AAG (i) of the information in the outcome i, for discrimination in favour of H0 rather than HA . The parameters of the mixture distribution can be estimated by minimizing J . We can rewrite J in the following manner:J=��i=1IP(i)logP(i)?��i=1IP(i)logf(i)(3)Since the first term does not depend upon unknown parameters, only the second term must be minimized; hence, we minimize the information measure H (t) whereH(t)=?��i=1IP(i)logf(i)(4)Equation (4) can be expanded to Equation (5), as can be seen in [5]:H(t)=1+log2��2?q1logq1?q2logq2+12(q1log��12+q2log��22)(5)We have extended this idea to Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the possibility that we may find several thresholds for more than two Gaussian distribution
Breast cancer is among the most frequent forms of cancers found in women [9].

Diagnosis of breast Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries cancer typically includes biopsy, ultrasound, and/or imaging. Ultrasound can diagnose simple cysts in the breast with an accuracy of 96-100% [11]; however, the unequivocal differentiation between solid benign and malignant masses by ultrasound has proven to be difficult. Despite Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries considerable efforts toward improving ultrasound, better imaging techniques are still necessary. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Mammography is now commonly used in combination with computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). CAD is a computer diagnosis system to assist the radiologists in image interpretation [15] Since the causes of some types of cancer are still unknown, it can be difficult to decide whether a tissue is cancerous or not.

Currently, radiologists can refer to an automated system as a second opinion to help distinguish malignant from normal healthy tissues. An automated Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries system can detect and diagnose probable malignancy in suspicious regions of medical images for further evaluation. Since medical images for CAD (such as X-ray, CT scan, MRI, and mammogram), include a considerable Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries number of image features, CAD improves the detection of suspected malignancies.Image features are conceptual descriptions of images that are needed in image processing for analyzing image content or meaning. Features are usually represented as data structures of directly extractable information, such as colors, grays, and higher derivatives Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries from mathematical computation of the basic features such as its edges, histograms, and Fourier descriptors.

Each type of feature requires a specific algorithm to process it. Therefore, only features that carry essential and non- redundant Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries information Anacetrapib about an image should be considered. Cilengitide Moreover, feature-extraction techniques should be practical and feasible to compute. Many researchers have tried to improve the accuracy of CAD by introducing more features on the assumption that this will lead to better precision. However, adding more features selleck chemicals necessarily selleck chem Calcitriol increases the cost and computation time.