J Am Chem Soc 2004, 126:13406–13413.CrossRef 27. Zeiri L, Patla I, Acharya S, Golan Y, Efrima S: Raman spectroscopy of ultranarrow CdS nanostructures. J Phys Chem C 2007, 111:11843.CrossRef 28. Zhang YC, Chen W, Hu XY: Controllable synthesis and optical properties of AG-881 concentration Zn-Doped CdS nanorods from single-source molecular precursors. Crystal Growth & Des 2007, 7:581–586. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions ZZX participated in the design of the study, carried out the experiments, and performed the statistical analysis, as well as drafted the manuscript. MJZ participated in the design of the study, provided

the theoretical and experimental guidance, performed the statistical analysis, and revised the manuscript. CQZ and see more BZ helped in the experiments and data analysis. LM participated in the design of the experimental section and offered help in the experiments. WZS gave his help in

using the experimental apparatus. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Cell adhesion is the initial step upon interactions of substrate materials with loaded cells. In particular, it was shown that nanotopography influences diverse cell behaviors such as cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, apoptosis, macrophage activation, and gene expression [1, 2], which in turn leads to proliferation, differentiation, TGF-beta/Smad inhibitor and migration on various nanostructures including nanofibers [3], nanopillars [4], and nanogrooves [5, 6]. As a result, cell behaviors are critically determined by the interaction between nanoscale cellular surface components such as microvilli, filopodia, extracellular matrix (ECM), and the underlying nanostructure topography [7]. However,

little is known of how the use of size and shape-matched diverse nanometer-scale topographies interact to not only the forthcoming cells but also the nanoscale cellular surface components of cells Vildagliptin bound on the nanotopographic substrates in cell adhesion steps even at the very early stage of incubation (<20 min). Cell traction force (CTF) is crucial to cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, cell shape maintenance, mechanical cell-signal generation, and other cellular functions just following adhesion step on the nanotopographic substrates. Once transmitted to the ECM through stress fibers via focal adhesions, which are assemblies of ECM proteins, transmembrane receptor, and cytoplasmic structural and signaling proteins (e.g., integrins), CTF directs many cellular functions [8]. In addition, CTF plays an important role in many biological processes such as inflammation [9], wound healing [10], angiogenesis [11], and cancer metastasis [12].