Gels were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 (0.05%, w/v) in a staining solution containing 45% (v/v) methanol and 10% (v/v) acetic acid and then destained in a destaining solution containing 10%

(v/v) methanol and 10% (v/v) acetic acid. For quantification of the 11S and 7S fractions and their respective subunits, the gels were rinsed and scanned by the GelDoc EZ imager (Bio-Rad laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA, USA) after destaining. The protein bands representing the 11S and 7S fractions were quantified by densitometric analysis using the Gel-Pro Analyzer 4.0 software (Media Apoptosis Compound Library cost Cybernetics, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA). The protein ratio of subunit 11S/7S was subsequently calculated. The seed fatty acid composition was determined using Gas Chromatography (GC) of the methyl ester method (Sun, Han, Yan, Yang, & Tetsuo, 2008). Next, 0.5 g of soybean seed powder for each sample was mixed with 1.5 mL hexane overnight and the mixture was centrifuged at 7000 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant was collected and added to 350 μL of sodium methoxide solution. After vortexing, the mixture was shook for 1 h. After centrifugation at 7000 rpm for 5 min, the supernatant was filtered into the special sample bottle for GC detectors. The GC analysis was performed

on a RTX-Wax Column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 mm, Germany) with nitrogen, hydrogen and air as the carrier gases for 20 min. The injection volume was 1 μL. The area normalisation method was PRKACG used to calculate the percentage of five fatty acid components—palmitic acid, stearic acid, PARP inhibitor oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid—on a GC2010 workstation (Shimadzu, Japan). The isoflavone concentration was analysed with the High Performance Liquid

Chromatography (HPLC) method (Sun, Sun, Han, Yan, Yang, & Kikuchi, 2011). Approximately 20 g of soybean seeds were ground using a cyclone mill (Retsch ZM100, Φ = 1.0 mm, Rheinische, Germany). Next, 0.1 g of this powder was added to 5 mL of extraction solution containing 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid and 70% (v/v) ethanol. The mixture was shaken at room temperature for 12 h. After centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 5 min, the supernatant was filtered using 0.2 μm nylon syringe filters. Next, 10 μL of the filtrates was subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) on an Agilent 1100 series system. Quantitative analyses were performed on the YMC Pack, ODS-AM-303 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., S-5 μm, 120 Å, YMC Co., Kyoto, Japan) at 35 °C, using a 70-min linear gradient of 13–35% acetonitrile in aqueous solution containing 0.1% acetic acid. The solvent flow rate was 1.0 mL min−1, and the UV absorption was measured at 260 nm. Twelve standards of isoflavone components, including daidzin, glycitin, genistin, malonyldaidzin, malonylglycitin, malonylgenistin, acetyldaidzin, acetylglycitin, acetylgenistin, daidzein, glycitein, and genistein, were provided by Dr.