Figure 3 Trypsin inhibitors increase the amount of trypsin needed to potentiate fibrocyte potentiation. Albumin is Necessary for Trypsin to Potentiate Fibrocyte Differentiation selleck compound To test the hypothesis that trypsin acts on a protein supplement in the media to potentiate fibrocyte differentiation, we removed the protein supplements from our defined medium and added trypsin to this protein-free media. According to the manufacturer, Fibrolife medium is protein-free. Trypsin added to Fibrolife media lacking all three protein supplements (albumin, insulin and transferrin) did not potentiate fibrocyte differentiation (Figure 4A). At concentrations of 5 ��g/ml and higher, trypsin significantly decreased both fibrocyte numbers and the number of adhered cells (Figures 4A and 4B), presumably by decreasing cell adhesion.

These results suggest that trypsin acts on a protein supplement to indirectly potentiate fibrocyte differentiation, or that a protein supplement is necessary for trypsin��s potentiation to occur. Figure 4 Trypsin does not potentiate fibrocyte differentiation in medium lacking protein supplements. Serum-free media contains three proteins: insulin, transferrin, and albumin. To determine whether insulin, transferrin or albumin potentiates fibrocyte differentiation when exposed to trypsin, we purified human and bovine albumin and made media containing only insulin, transferrin, or albumin. When TPCK-treated trypsin-coated agarose beads were used to trypsinize culture media containing purified human or bovine albumin, the trypsinized media potentiated fibrocyte formation following the removal of the beads and addition to PBMC (Figure 5A).

Fibrocyte potentiation did not occur after the addition of protein-free, insulin-containing, or transferrin-containing media trypsinized in the same fashion (Figure 5A). To verify that TPCK did not influence fibrocyte differentiation, we digested human-albumin containing SFM with non TPCK-treated trypsin beads. Media containing human albumin digested by non TPCK-treated trypsin-beads also potentiated fibrocyte differentiation (Figure 5B). Using trypsin-coated beads to directly digest bovine and human albumin into fragments, and then adding those fragments to protein-free medium also potentiated fibrocyte differentiation compared to undigested controls (Figure 6A).

SDS-PAGE gels indicated that the protease treatment of albumin caused the formation of digestion products (Figure 6B). These results suggest that a trypsin fragment of albumin may potentiate fibrocyte differentiation. Figure 5 Serum-free medium containing albumin potentiates fibrocyte differentiation after temporary mixing with Cilengitide trypsin-coated agarose beads. Figure 6 Albumin potentiates fibrocyte differentiation after temporary mixing with trypsin-coated agarose beads.