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Vieira J, Moura F, Viegas J (2007) Transport policy and environmental impacts: the importance of multi-instrumentality in policy integration. Trans Policy 14:421–432. doi:10.​1016/​j.​tranpol.​2007.​04.​007 CrossRef Vion A (2002) Europe from the bottom up: town twinning in France during the cold war. Contemp Eur Hist 4:623–640. doi:10.​1017/​S096077730200406​X Wyatt K (2011) State budget cuts decimate mental health services. The Washington Post.com March 2011. Associated press. http://​www.​washingtonpost.​com/​wp-dyn/​content/​article/​2011/​03/​09/​AR2011030900507.​html. 9 Mar 2013 Zelinski W (1991) The twinning of the world sister cities in geographic and historical perspective. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 81:1–31. AZD3965 datasheet doi:10.​1111/​j.​1467-8306.​1991.​tb01676.​x CrossRef Footnotes 1 An example

of leveraging would be the expansion of an advanced recycling program implemented by one city to meet the additional demand of a neighboring community.   2 SC75741 An example of a new initiative through reciprocity could be the pairing of farm waste and biofuel. If the transit authority of a city is importing biofuel for a bus fleet, they could turn to a neighboring community with large amounts of agricultural waste to produce biofuel locally. The transit authority would save money on fuel, and the farmers would have their waste removed at reduced cost.   3 such as those for water use, energy use, or new building construction.   4 Urban cities generate vast quantities of compostable food waste but lack the application for compost. Meanwhile, farmers are spending ever more on fertilizers due to rising energy costs for ammonia production, which could be the offset by a supply of compost from an urban sister city. The reciprocal trade of

farm waste conversion to biofuel production for completes the cycle with urban transit fleets often utilizing this local renewable fuel feedstock. The practices taken individually may benefit only one of the participating cities at the expense of the partner. A cross-sectorial analysis such as this example connecting the energy and transportation sector with food and agriculture demonstrates the mutual benefit from an urban–rural partnership.”
“Introduction A better understanding of land-cover change and its impacts on soil degradation (Trimble and Crosson 2000), biodiversity loss (XAV-939 cost Baillie et al. 2004; IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Version 2011), climate change and food security (Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change 2007), among other global and local effects (Foley et al. 2005) has been perceived paramount for sustainable land management by both researchers and decision-makers (Verburg et al. 2004; Turner 2010).

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