Detailed risk information, provided directly in clinic notes accompanying HIV diagnosis reports or collected by a nurse consultant through confidential interview with clinic staff or the person diagnosed, was reviewed. Statistical significance is at the 99% level. Of the 15 997 UK-born adults diagnosed with HIV infection in England, PD0332991 research buy Wales and Northern Ireland between 2002 and

2010, the country of infection was reported for 87% (13 891), of whom 15% (2066) probably acquired HIV infection abroad (Table 1). On average, 230 individuals with HIV infection that was probably acquired abroad were diagnosed each year between 2002 and 2010. Compared with UK-born adults who probably acquired HIV infection PR-171 clinical trial in the UK, a greater percentage of these individuals were female (19% vs. 15%, respectively), were of non-White ethnicity (16% vs. 10%, respectively) and had acquired HIV infection heterosexually

(70% vs. 22%, respectively) (all P < 0.01). Individuals probably acquiring HIV infection abroad were also on average older (median 42 years vs. 36 years, respectively), and had lower CD4 cell counts (median 340 vs. 390 cells/μL, respectively) at HIV diagnosis (both P < 0.01). The percentage of UK-born adults diagnosed late (CD4 count <350 cells/μL) was high both among those acquiring HIV infection abroad (52%; 911 of 1753) and among those acquiring HIV infection in Cobimetinib purchase the UK (45%; 4570 of 10 219). Among men acquiring HIV infection abroad [of whom 90% (1497 of 1669) were White, and 64% (1074) acquired HIV infection heterosexually and 33% (547) through sex between men], the most commonly reported countries where HIV infection was probably acquired were Thailand (31%; 516), the USA (6.2%; 103) and South Africa (4.9%; 82). Among men, the greatest variability

in country of infection was observed by route of infection. Among men acquiring HIV infection heterosexually, Thailand (41%; 443 of 1074), South Africa (5.3%; 57) and Nigeria (5.2%; 56) were the countries most commonly reported, whereas among men who reported sex between men these were the USA (16%; 88 of 547), Thailand (11%; 62) and Spain (10%; 56). Among women [of whom 96% (381 of 397) acquired HIV heterosexually, and 58% (232) were of White, 21% (85) of Black-African and 12% (46) of Black-Caribbean ethnicity], the three most commonly reported countries were Zimbabwe (9.8%; 39), Nigeria (9.3%; 37) and Jamaica (9.1%; 36). In contrast to men, the greatest variability in country of infection among women was observed by ethnicity. Among women of White ethnicity, Kenya (9.1%; 21 of 232), South Africa (7.8%; 18) and Thailand (7.