10. Haddy FJ, Scott JB: Metabolic SB-715992 datasheet factors in peripheral circulatory regulation. Fed Proc 1975, 34:2006–2001.PubMed Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions PJ was responsible for study design, data collection, statistical analysis, and manuscript preparation. EG was responsible for data collection, input and analysis as well as manuscript preparation. All authors

have read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a leguminous, annual plant originating in India and North Africa. It is an herbal product with many proposed health benefits found in the diets of various Middle Eastern countries and is now cultivated worldwide. The leaves and seeds of fenugreek are formulated to an extract or powder form for therapeutic application. Fenugreek has

been check details studied extensively in human and animal models. The effects of fenugreek supplementation on the regulation of insulin and hyperglycemia are well established. Defatted fractions of fenugreek seeds, high in fiber content and containing steroid saponins, lowered blood glucose and plasma glucagon concentrations after eight days of consumption in dogs [1]. Other investigations utilizing human participants have implemented fenugreek supplementation (daily doses of 1 to 25 g/day) to diabetic patients eliciting positive glucose regulation responses [2, 3]. Another study [4] examined the acute and chronic outcomes of Natural Product Library screening a soluble dietary fiber (SDF) prepared from fenugreek seeds administered to type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats. After an oral glucose cocktail, SDF significantly offset blood glucose elevation in non-diabetic and diabetic (type 1 and 2) rats at 75 and 30 minutes post-consumption respectively. Following a 28 day SDF supplementation period, type 2 diabetic rats experienced a significant

reduction (19%) in blood glucose levels, initiating a 1.5 fold increase in hepatic glycogen stores. Other formulations of fenugreek, such as the combination of several oils (including second fenugreek oil), have shown to decrease circulating glucose and enhance insulin sensitivity in diabetic and hypertensive rats [5]. The glucose transporting mechanisms observed in these studies are mediated though an insulin-signaling pathway [6]. Fenugreek seed extract acts in a similar fashion to that of insulin by promoting glucose uptake into cells through a dose-dependent manner [6]. Additional evidence has shown that fenugreek seeds aid in the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells [7], thus allowing blood glucose levels to reduce by the transport and entrance of glucose into muscle cells. Fenugreek has shown to be a useful remedy in combating abnormal cholesterol profiles in hyperlipidemic populations.