1 and 1.3 m−1, and chlorophyll a concentrations 1.3 < Ca < 33 mg m−3 – both values similar to those recorded in the Baltic – see Figure 5, Darecki et al. 2008, Kowalczuk et al. 2010), displays a FG4592 broad peak on the reflectance spectrum at 560–580 nm and resembles the shape of the remote sensing reflectance spectra usually

observed in the Baltic Sea (see e.g. Darecki et al. 2003). The second type has a very high CDOM absorption coefficient (usually aCDOM(440 nm) > 10 m−1, up to 17.4 m−1) in Lake Pyszne; they have a relatively low reflectance (Rrs < 0.001 sr−1) over the entire spectral range, and two visible reflectance spectra peaks at ca 650 and 690–710 nm. The third type represents waters with a lower CDOM absorption coefficient, (usually aCDOM(440 nm)< 5 m−1) and a high chlorophyll a concentration (usually Ca > 4 mg m−3, up to 336 mg m−3 in Lake Gardno). The third type of remote

sensing reflectance spectra in lake waters always exhibits three peaks (Rrs > 0.005 sr−1): a broad one at 560–580 nm, a smaller one at ca 650 nm and a well-pronounced one at 690–720 nm. These Rrs(λ) peaks correspond to the relatively low absorption of light by the various OACs of the lake water and the considerable scattering due to the high SPM concentrations there. The remote sensing maximum at λ ≈ 690–720 nm is higher still Trametinib purchase as a result of the natural fluorescence of chlorophyll a ( Mitchell & Kiefer 1988). The position of this maximum in the red region shifts distinctly in the direction of the longer waves with increasing chlorophyll a concentration and are the signals available for the remote sensing detection of chlorophyll a ( Gitelson et al. 2007). This is shown for one of the lakes (L. Gardno) in Figure 6 a, b. The change in position of this maximum was used to construct a correlation formula linking Rrs and Ca. The correlations of the spectral reflectance band ratio with the concentrations of particular OACs enable the approximate

levels of these G protein-coupled receptor kinase components in the euphotic zones of the lakes investigated to be determined from reflectance spectra measurements. For example, the correlation shown in Figure 7 was obtained for chlorophyll a; it is described by the exponential equation: equation(1) Ca=6.432e4.556X,where X = [max Rrs(695 ≤ λ ≤ 720) – Rrs(λ = 670)]/max Rrs(695 ≤ λ ≤ 720), and the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.95. This approximation does not include the discrepant data from the dystrophic lake (humic lake – with brown water). The usefulness of this correlation is confirmed by its high coefficient of determination. We obtained another good correlation for the concentration CSPM ( Figure 8) and a slightly weaker one for aCDOM(440 nm) ( Figure 9). The use of these correlations may facilitate the monitoring of the state of these lakes with the aid of reflectance measurements. The errors of approximation were also estimated.