We discuss the

occurring discrepancy between fit and measured data and buy GW3965 show that it gives hints about particular material features and the reliability of the extracted parameters. We finally point out the possibility of determining L(diff) in small grains. This model thus allows more realistic GB situations to be investigated. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3462447]“
“The pyrolysis and flammability of phosphonium-modified layered silicate epoxy resin nanocomposites (EP/LS) were evaluated when LS was combined with two flame retardants, melamine borate (MB) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP), that also act via a surface protection layer. Thermogravimetry (TG), TG coupled with Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 burning chamber (UL 94) and cone calorimeter were used. The glassy coating because of 10 wt % MB during combustion showed effects in the cone calorimeter test similar to nanodispersed LS, and somewhat better flame retardancy in flammability tests, such as LOI and UL 94. Adding APP to EP resulted

in intumescent systems. The fire retardancy was particularly convincing when 15 wt % APP was used, especially for low external heat flux, and thus, also inflammability tests click here like LOT and UL 94. V0 classification is achieved when 15 wt % APP is used in EP. The flame retardancy efficiency of selleck products the protection layers formed does not increase linearly with the MB and APP concentrations used. The combination of LS with MB or APP shows antagonism; thus the performance of the combination of LS with MB or APP, respectively, was disappointing. No optimization of the carbonaceous-inorganic surface layer occurred for LS-MB. Combining LS with APP inhibited the intumescence, most probably through an increase in viscosity clearly above the value needed

for intumescent behavior. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 1134-1143, 2010″
“Glibenclamide (GL)-loaded microcapsules (MC) and transdermal patches (TDP) were formulated and in vitro and in vivo parameters compared to find out the best route of drug administration. The formulation TDP1 having a drug-polymer ratio 1:1 showed comparatively higher GL release and better permeation across mice skin (p < 0.05). From the comparative study, it was concluded that the transdermal system of GL produced better improvement compared to oral microcapsule administration (p < 0.05). The transdermal system exhibited comparatively slow and continuous supply of GL at a desired rate to systemic circulation avoiding metabolism, which improved day-to-day glycemic control in diabetic subjects. Transdermal system of GL exhibited better control of hyperglycemia and prolonged plasma half-life by transdermal systems (9.6 +/- 1.2 h) in comparison with oral microcapsule (5.84 +/- 2.