GST+5335 elutions were also concentrated over Microcon 10,000 MWCO columns prior to use in shift assays. For a negative control, the purified recombinant protein HctEIVA from the hectochlorin pathway (purification described in [39]) was used. The concentrations of HctEIVA protein used in the EMSA experiments were measured using a Bradford assay, and the purified HctEIVA included a 6× N-terminal His tag from its expression vector (pET28b; Novagen). Each gel shift assay reaction was performed with the indicated quantities of DNA and purified protein (Figure 9) in EMSA

binding buffer adapted from the DIG Gel Shift Kit, 2nd generation protocol (Roche) [20 mM HEPES, pH 7.6, 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM (NH4)2SO4, 1 mM DTT, Tween 20, 0.2% (w/v), 30 mM KCl] and water (total volume 20 μl) for 30 min at room temperature. Following the incubation period, 5 μl of native loading dye containing bromophenol blue was NU7026 cost added to each reaction, and the reaction contents were immediately transferred to a 10% native PAGE gel. The gels were electrophoresed at 85 V for ~3.0 h in 0.5× TBE buffer (44.5 mM Tris, 44.5 mM boric acid, 1 mM EDTA), followed by staining for at least 10 min in SYBR Gold Nucleic Acid Gel Stain (Molecular Probes/Invitrogen) and visualization Selleck PF-4708671 on a UV transilluminator. Sequence information DNA and amino acid sequences of the proteins identified in this study have been deposited in Genbank

under the accession numbers GQ860962 and GQ860963. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Carla M. Sorrels for assistance with RNA extraction procedures, Sheila Podell for assistance with bioinformatics, and R. Cameron Coates and Tara Byrum for maintenance of JHB cultures. This work was supported by grants from the NIH (GM075832 and NS053398), and NOAA Grant Obeticholic Acid solubility dmso NA08OAR4170669, California SeaGrant College Program Project SG-100-TECH-N, through NOAA’s National Sea Grant College Program, US Department of Commerce.

The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of California Sea Grant or the US Department of Commerce. Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: Table S1: Primers used in this study. This Excel file (.xls) is a complete list of all primers used for RT-PCR experiments, β-galactosidase reporter assays, and protein identification, recombinant expression, and EMSA experiments. (XLS 27 KB) Additional file 2: Figure S1: Sequence alignment with Lyngbya majuscula JHB protein 7968 and 5 proteins with MCC 950 highest identity matches from NCBI BLAST analyses. This TIFF file (.tiff) shows an alignment of these 6 protein sequences performed in ClustalX2. (TIFF 379 KB) Additional file 3: Figure S2: EMSA with DNA region -1000 – -832 bp upstream of jamA and protein GST+5335. This TIFF file (.tiff) shows, from left to right: 270 fmol DNA only, 8.4 pmol, 16.4 pmol, 33.5 pmol, and 67.0 pmol of GST+5335 combined with 270 fmol DNA.