Training typically does not prepare investigators for participation in large-scale endeavors. Nor are there established training pathways into some of the newer roles in large-scale studies, database management, clinical coordination, site management, etc. Issues in priority setting Determination of priorities within this broad panorama of intervention research is always the result of the complex

interaction between public health need and scientific opportunity. However, this is Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical not as straightforward as it appears. We can estimate public health need in many ways. Death, disability, and societal and family burden have each been proposed as the sole criterion for policy determination. For example, in the influential text The Global Burden of Disease, 23major depression, bipolar disorder,

schizophrenia, and obsessive compulsive disorder are all included on the list of the 10 leading causes of disability worldwide. In fact, major depression Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical is identified as the leading cause of disability. On the other hand, in that same study, no mental disorder is included as a leading cause of death worldwide. The identification of significant areas of scientific opportunity is equally problematic, with investigators from different fields advocating on behalf of substantial Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical increases in the investment in their particular areas of interest. The National Advisory Mental Health Council, with the legislative mandate to guide policy development and program support, has become a valuable sounding board for the identification Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of promising

scientific opportunities. This Council has produced recent reports on genetics research,24 prevention research,25 and the interface of clinical trials and mental health services research.26 Priority setting must be part of a continuing process of programmatic adjustment, readjustment, and redirection Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in the field. New treatments must be developed as our knowledge base of basic and clinical neuroscience and behavioral science expands. Established treatment approaches must be fine-tuned in accordance with the needs of patient populations and the settings in which they receive care. Research must catch up with practice and evaluate the many common approaches to treatment that have developed without a firm base of research. Here we include such approaches as continuation and maintenance electroconvulsive therapy-, reduction or taper strategies, treatment algorithms or decision trees for patients with treatment refractory Digestive enzyme illness, and unusual treatments such as mcthylphenidatc for minor depression. A wealth of potentially promising treatment approaches currently exists in the form of case reports, uncontrolled studies, letters to the LY2157299 ic50 editor, and Internet postings. A major goal for the public health enterprise will be to organize and systematically study these interventions and identify those which are clinically valuable and those which are not.