Areas of increased MD were also found in the left thalamus (three contiguous regions), in a small cluster in the left insula and in the right frontal operculum. No areas of decreased MD were found in the OCD sample in comparison with HC subjects (Fig. 1, panel A). Table

4 Brain microstructural changes in 20 OCD patients in comparison to 20 HC subjects Figure 1 Brain gray matter and white matter microstructure of 20 patients with OCD compared to 20 HC subjects. Brain regions where significant differences between patients with obsessive Camptothecin concentration compulsive disorder and healthy controls were found in microstructural-diffusivity … In order to determine whether there was a relationship between Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical neuropsychological variable differentiating OCD cases and HC subjects and GM microscopic tissue structure, correlations between GM MD values and the SFT score were examined on a voxelwise basis in the two samples (see Table 5A). For the OCD patients group,

a significant negative correlation was detected in the left inferior temporal gyrus, the left precuneus and the right inferior parietal gyrus, so that the semantic fluency score decreased as MD values increased in the reported areas (Fig. 2, panel A). Of note, the observed correlation was detected in areas different from those emerged as pathogenic for OCD in the unpaired t-test comparing GM MD values in the two groups. No significant correlation between the SFT score and GM microscopic Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical tissue structure was observed in HCs. Table 5 Brain microstructural correlates of semantic fluency test performances in OCD patients Figure 2 Neuropsychological microstructural correlates of obsessive compulsive disorder. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Areas where significant correlations between microstructural-diffusivity measures of gray

matter (A) and white matter (B) integrity and performance in a semantic fluency task … WM analysis and neuropsychological correlates As no significant differences were observed in WM volume among the two groups, no correlation between volumetric measures Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and cognitive performance was examined. In the TBSS analysis, the unpaired t-test among groups on FA values showed a significant reduction in the whole OCD group in three clusters. Specifically, lower FA values in the OCD sample were found in the body of corpus callosum (CC) and in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). No areas of increased Ketanserin FA were found in the OCD sample in comparison with HC subjects (Fig. 1, panel B). MNI coordinates of the above-mentioned tracts are shown in Table 4B. The correlation analysis between FA values and the SFT score (see Table 2003B) showed a significant positive correlation in the OCD sample in a cluster comprising the posterior corona radiata in the right hemisphere and the corticospinal tract in the left hemisphere (Fig. 2, panel B). Then again, the structure–function relationship was observed in tracts distinct from those where reduced FA values were detected in the OCD group.