Alerting clinicians to botulism is crucial for a rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment and thus decreasing mortality and complications.”
“Current DNA extraction protocols, which require liquid nitrogen, lyophilization and considerable infrastructure in terms of instrumentation, often impede the application of biotechnological tools in less researched crops in laboratories

in developing selleck compound countries. We modified and optimized the existing CTAB method for plant genomic DNA extraction by avoiding liquid nitrogen usage and lyophilization. DNA was extracted directly from freshly harvested leaves ground in pre-heated CTAB buffer. Chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (24:1) and RNase treatments AZD3965 followed by single-purification step decontaminated the samples thereby paving way for selective extraction of DNA. High molecular weight DNA yield in the range of 328 to 4776 ng/mu L with an average of 1459 ng/mu L was obtained from 45 samples of cultivated and wild Cajanus species. With an absorbance ratio at 260 to 280 nm, a range of 1.66 to 2.20, and a mean of 1.85, very low levels of protein and polysaccharide contamination were recorded.

Forty samples can be extracted daily at a cost between 1.8 and US$2.0 per plant sample. This modified method is suitable for most plants especially members of the Leguminosae. Apart from Cajanus, it has been extensively applied in DNA extraction from Cicer and Vigna species.”
“The selectivity of monoclonal antibodies against the E2 extracellular fragment of connexin 43 (Cx43) for a glioma focus was studied in in vivo experiments on animals

with intracranial C6 glioma. Antibodies labeled with two alternative labels, the radioisotope <SU125</SUI and the fluorophore Alexa 660, were intravenously injected to rats with 18-day gliomas. Seventy-two hours after injection, <SU125</SUI-labeled antibodies accumulated in the hemisphere where the glioma was located to a concentration of 0.27 +/-+/- 0.01% of the injected dose per gram of wet weight, which exceeded their accumulation in the liver, spleen, and other Fer-1 nmr organs. Fluorescent-labeled antibodies against the Cx43 fragment E2 specifically visualized cells in the peritumoral astroglial bank (a zone of active invasion of glioma cells). Double immunofluorescent visualization using antibodies against the Cx43 fragment E2 and glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) showed that only a small proportion of the cells that bound the antibodies injected into the blood circulation were reactive astrocytes, whereas most of these cells were GFAP-negative and morphologically corresponded to astroblasts. These results suggest that antibodies against the extracellular Cx43 fragment E2 can be used for targeted transport of diagnostic and therapeutic drugs to the peritumoral invasion zone of high-grade gliomas.</.