5 g, which corresponded to a 1-��m-thick Parylene layer). The Parylene C was directly deposited onto the liquid surface to form a polymer film because the ionic liquid does not evaporate, even in a vacuum chamber. In the experiments described nearly below, the droplet sensor outputs were compared with the temperature measured by a Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries conventional thermocouple. A thermocouple Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries was placed near the droplet sensor by embedding the thermocouple in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (Sylgard 184, Dow Corning, Midland, MI, USA) elastomer with the fabricated droplets. A thermocouple was also used for the temperature feedback control in the experiments. Figure 1(d) shows an image of a fabricated array of highly uniform encapsulated droplets.The experimental apparatus consisted of an inverted fluorescent microscope (Axiovert 200, Carl Zeiss Group, Oberkochen, Germany).

The sensor substrate was illuminated by a bandpass-filtered mercury (Hg) lamp. The emission light was collected with an objective lens (LUCPL FLN ��40, N.A. 0.6, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and measured using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera (ORCA-ER, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan). The filter sets were changed manually to measure the dye fluorescence. A silicon rubber heater was attached to the top of the sensor such that the heater did not interfere with the optical path. The temperature of the sensor was controlled by a thermo-control unit (E5BS, OMRON, Kyoto, Japan) using the output of the embedded thermocouple.4.?Experiments and Results4.1. Data Collection MethodThe peak wavelengths of the emission spectrum of RhB and Rh110 have been reported to be 592 nm and 538 nm, respectively.

For RhB, an excitation filter passing wavelengths from 550 to 580 nm and an emission filter passing wavelengths from 590 nm to 650 nm were used. For Rh110, an excitation filter passing wavelengths from 475 to 495 nm and an emission filter passing wavelengths from 515 nm to 565 nm were used. There was little overlap between the excitation and emission spectra of the two dyes; therefore, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries there was negligible incorporation of fluorescence between the two dyes. Thus, the experimental data were analyzed assuming that the fluorescence of the two dyes was completely separable. Figure 2 presents color fluorescence images for each dye and the intensity distribution from the CCD plots.

The wafer surface had a background fluorescence level in the absence of droplets. The sensor fluorescence intensity was defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum gray values, which weredenoted AV-951 by IRhB for RhB and IRh110 for Rh110 (see Figure 2). The background fluorescence level was extracted from the experimental data.Figure 2.Data acquisition scheme.4.2. www.selleckchem.com/products/XL184.html Sensor Characteristics: Photobleaching and Dispersion of DropletsFluorescent dyes may be photobleached by continuous illumination by exciting light. To inhibit the photobleaching effect, pulse illuminations were used for the droplet sensor.